Association between dietary adherence and macronutrient intake among hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors
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Ratna Fitri Indarti
Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya
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Catur Wulandari
Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya
Keywords:
Dietary adherence, Macronutrient intake, Diabetes mellitus, Hospitalized patients, Glycemic controlAbstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin function and persistent hyperglycemia, requiring long-term dietary management to maintain blood glucose control and prevent complications. Dietary adherence plays an essential role in regulating nutrient intake, particularly macronutrients such as protein, fat, and carbohydrates, which may influence insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary adherence and macronutrient intake among hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus at A.Yani Islamic Hospital Surabaya. An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 66 inpatients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Participants were selected using accidental sampling. Dietary adherence data were collected using a dietary adherence questionnaire, while macronutrient intake was assessed through a 2×24-hour food recall interview. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank test. The findings showed that most participants were aged 46-55 years, predominantly female, and had completed senior high school education. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between dietary adherence and protein intake (p=0.048), as well as fat intake (p=0.033). However, no significant relationship was found between dietary adherence and carbohydrate intake (p=0.580). These findings indicate that better dietary adherence among hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus was associated with more appropriate protein and fat intake patterns, although carbohydrate intake was not significantly related. Strengthening dietary education and continuous nutritional monitoring are recommended to improve dietary management and support glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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