Correction and Retraction

JISDI is committed to maintaining the integrity and accuracy of the scholarly record.

Corrections

Corrections may be issued for:

• Author information errors

• Metadata errors

• Minor factual inaccuracies

• Production mistakes

Retractions

Articles may be retracted if:

• Research findings are unreliable.

• Plagiarism is confirmed.

• Duplicate publication is identified.

• Ethical violations are discovered.

Retraction notices will remain permanently linked to the original article and clearly explain the reason for retraction.